FUSION

Recent decades have seen significant international collaboration in the field of nuclear fusion research at various levels of scientific communities, research labs, private companies and governments (prominently featuring the ITER project). Such diversified collaborations collectively represent an unprecedented global effort to demonstrate fusion as a viable source of clean, sustainable energy. Our case study examines the historical development, key scientific and technological ambitions, and evolving governance structures of these collaborative work, highlighting how diverse international partners manage complex technological challenges and diplomatic negotiations. Particular attention is given to the dynamics between scientific ambition, resource allocation, and political interests, illustrating the complexities and successes of large-scale scientific collaboration.